Final Exam - Pavement Evaluation - Special Tactics Solutions Inc.

Final Exam - Pavement Evaluation Course

If you DON'T know the answer, please DO NOT guess. Each question has an "I don't know" response available; use this answer instead of guessing so we have a better understanding of your baseline knowledge.

The number of attempts remaining is 1000

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1 / 41

How prepared are you to crush this test? (Select all that apply)

I'm ready, bring it baby!

100 percent sure that I'm sure I will know some of it.

You can't crush me . . . I'm an Operator!

Can you repeat everthing after "Welcome to the course . . . "

2 / 41

What does the acronym PCASE stand for?

Prepared-Transmission of Crisis Action and Safe Execution

Pavement-Transportation Computer Aided Structural Engineering

Practical-Transit Computer Assisted Software Engineer

Portland Transfered Concrete (PTC) and Semi-prepared (AC) Evaluation

I don't know!

3 / 41

What does the abbreviation “ACN” represent?

Aircraft Classification Number (ACN)

Aircraft Condition Notice (ACN)

Airfield Classification Number (ACN)

Airfield Condition Notice (ACN)

I don't know!

4 / 41

What is the definition of PCN?

An expression that defines the tire pressure for each aircraft and the technical means used to calculate agreed upon passes.

A codex that acknowleges the ICAO standard for an evaluation of a Globe-trotter III C-17/ at MAX weight of 585k lbs. / with 50,000 passes.

A number that expresses the load-carrying capacity of a pavement for unrestricted operations.

A number that implies a precise correlation to the old LCN system.

I don't know.

5 / 41

Fill in the Blank: Potholes of Medium to High severity _________.

may be reported prior to aircraft operations.

may be repaired prior to aircraft operations.

must be reported prior to aircraft operations.

must be repaired prior to aircraft operations.

I don't know!

6 / 41

For a Landing Zone (LZ) survey with a paved surface, what specific information should be recorded in Block 10b of AF Form 3822?

ACN/PCN Code & the primary Traffic Type used for a Semi-prepared surface.

Surface/Base/Subbase/Subgrade CBR values & the Controlling Layer.

ACN/PCN Code, Allowable Gross Load & Allowable Passes.

PCN 'relative' to the equivalent-single wheel load (ESWL) evaluation method using a USAF C-17 / 585k pounds / @ 50,000 Passes, expressed in a 5 part code.

I don't know!

7 / 41

Which of the following statements is True?

The pavement should be considered RED if any YELLOW distresses are located directly in the secondary Aircraft Operating Area, and it cannot be avoided.

The pavement should be considered RED if any RED distresses are located directly in the primary Aircraft Operating Area, and it cannot be avoided.

The pavement should be considered RED if any YELLOW or RED distresses are located directly in the primary Aircraft Operating Area, and it cannot be avoided.

The pavement should be considered YELLOW if any RED distresses are located directly in the secondary Aircraft Operating Area, and it cannot be avoided.

I don't know!

8 / 41

From the APE Results Report (image below), report the PCN Code for the Airfield and identify all of the aircraft that can be safely used for sustained operations.

NOTE: You may use any of your handout material provided in the class this week.

9 / 41

Evaluate the following PCASE result: C-146 Wolfhound / 31k / 1,000 Design Factor.

ACN/ PCN Ratio = 0.8 / Allowable Gross Load 14.5k / Allowable Passes 230

ACN/PCN ratio is below 1.0 and will therefore require a 25% increase in the Allowable Gross Load calculation

Allowable Passes is greater than the allowable ACN/PCN ratio

Allowable Gross Load is less than the aircraft's minimum Operating Empty Weight (OEM)

Allowable Passes is greater than the Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW)

I don't know!

10 / 41

If the DCP Hammer drives the DCP rod one (1") Inch with 2 (two) blows, then what is the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) equivalent?

7.8 CBR

19.6 CBR

8.7 CBR

16.9 CBR

I don't know!

11 / 41

The paved surface 'Potential Ponding' distress must be _, in the direction of travel, and _ than the operating aircraft gear group?

> 10 ft / wider

< 100 ft / smaller

> 5 ft / wider

> 50 ft / smaller

I don't know!

12 / 41

What does the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) measure?

It measures the thickness of a paved runway's surface in Pascal Converted Inches (PC).

It's a measurement used to calculate the strength and condition of Portland Cement Conrete (PCC).

It's an index between 0 and 100 ( which we use), that calculates known engineering flaws of a runway.

It's a numerical index between 0 and 100 (which we don't use), that reflects the structural integrity and the surface's operational condition for a pavement.

I don't know!

13 / 41

What is the definition of Allowable Gross Load (AGL)?

The load, i.e., weight, of an aircraft that can be supported by the pavement or surface layer for a desired number of passes.

The number of passes of an aircraft operating at a specific weight can land on a pavement before pavement failure.

An empirical measure of soil strength used in the conventional design and evaluation of flexible pavement for an unsurfaced airfields.

An impressive measure of modulus shearing strength converted to CBR and then used for allowable load factors.

I don't know.

14 / 41

What is the best way to predict if a paved surface will become de-laminated?

Extreme HOT and COLD regions will delaminate after 5,000 sustainment passes.

There's no way to predict this type of distress.

The bonding agent will deteriorate at the molecular level.

Use the Beta Curve setting in PCASE and monitor the ACN/PCN ratio.

I don't know!

15 / 41

Identify any and all issues with the image below of a PCASE Evaluation report . . .

16 / 41

Which 'Cursory' PCI distress type is exclusively used when evaluating Portland Cement Concrete (PCC)?

Shattered Slob

Tire Puncture

Abrupt Changes

Sharp Edges

I don't know!

17 / 41

Type "A" traffic areas are evaluated for channelized traffic and full design weight of an aircraft for _______________________?

the first 1,500 ft at each end of RWY, primary TWYs, other sections of RWY (if back-taxi is required), ALL Operational surfaces of semi-prepared LZ's.

the first 300 ft of a Macadam surfaced LZ's at each end of RWY, secondary TWYs, and other sections of RWY (if reverse-taxi is required).

the first 1,000 ft at each end of RWY, primary TWYs, other sections of RWY (if back-taxi is required) for an Airfield, and ALL Operational surfaces of semi-prepared LZ's.

the first 1,000 ft at each end of RWY, scondary TWYs, and military use Aprons (when used), other sections of RWY (if back-taxi is required), and ALL Operational surfaces of semi-prepared LZ's.

I don't know!

18 / 41

Can a Concrete surface, or an Asphalt surface be evaluated as a semi-prepared surface?

Concrete = Yes / Asphalt = Yes

Concrete = No / Asphalt = No

Concrete = No / Asphalt = Yes

Concrete = Yes / Asphalt = No

I don't know!

19 / 41

For which type of paved surface is the "strength value" reported as a "K-Value" and "Effective K-Value" instead of using a California Bearing Ratio (CBR)?

Portland Cement Concrete (PCC)

Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) & Asphalt Concrete (AC)

Asphalt Concrete (AC)

Non-Standard Surfaces (NSS)

I don't know!

20 / 41

The A-400 Atlas utilizes which type of landing gear?

Single Main

Bicycle

Tricycle

Quadricycle

21 / 41

What is the evaluation criteria used in PCASE to determine a paved surface PCN Code?

Translation of the word "Subsequent" = (D) Volgend / (G) Anschließend

USAF PCN Paved C-17 (585k / 50,000) Medium aircraft weight 5,000 Passes.

USAF PCN Paved C-17 (585k / 50,000) ALL Max aircraft weight 1,000 Passes.

USAF PCN Paved C-17 (585k / 50,000) Minimum aircraft weight 100 Passes.

USAF PCN Paved C-17 (585k / 5,000) Mission specific passes and mission specific weight.

I don't know!

22 / 41

When performing a Pavement Condition Index (PCI) evaluation (for a Contingency Operation), what factors require emphasis during the evaluation?

Translation of Contingency = (D) Onvoorziene / (G)Kontingenz

Prepared and Semi-prepared Airfield Condition Index (SPACI) distresses.

Structural and/or Foreign Object Debris (FOD) related distresses.

Strength reduction & weakness analysis.

Location, Number & Quality of sample units.

I don't know!

23 / 41

Choose the correct answer for the definition of Alligator Cracking.

It is a series of interconnecting cracks caused by fatigue failure of the asphalt surface under repeated traffic loading. Alligator cracking is considered a minor structural distress!

It is a series of interconnecting cracks caused by fatigue failure of the subbase under repeated traffic loading. Alligator cracking is considered a minor structural distress!

It is a series of interconnecting cracks caused by the subase support during repeated traffic loading. Alligator cracking is considered a rare structural distress!

It is a series of interconnecting cracks caused by fatigue failure of the asphalt surface under repeated traffic loading. Alligator cracking is considered a major structural distress!

I don't know.

24 / 41

Complete the following sentence: An Expedient - Cursory PCI survey is an . . .

assessment in which the number of inspected sampling units fails to meet the minimum requirements of either a simplified or standard PCI evaluation.

assessment in which the number of inspected sampling units is more than sufficient to meet the minimum requirements of either a simplified or standard PCI evaluation.

assessment in which the number of inspected sampling units is more than the minimum requirements of either a stupid or ridiculous PCI evaluation.

assessment in which the number of inspected sampling units fails to meet the bare maximum requirements of either a simplified or standard PCI evaluation.

I don't know.

25 / 41

Which CBR Index value is assigned to a subsurface impenetrable layer, or a layer that is not identifiable, after drilling and measuring that the layer . . .

Translation of Impenetrable = (D) Ondoordringbaar / (G) Undurchlässig oder Undurchdringlich

25 CBR

40 CBR

80 CBR

100 CBR

I don't know!

26 / 41

(True, or False) In PCASE, the default property for Rigid Evaluations must be set to 'Shattered Slab'?

True

False

27 / 41

The Controlling Reading (located in the center of a 3,600 ft Semi-prepared runway) indicates the analysis show below. What is the primary reason that the Runway is usable or not usable by the current vehicle selected?

It cannot be determined because the Aircraft Classification Number (ACN)/Pavement Classification Number (PCN) value is not show.

No, it cannot use the airfield because the Allowable Gross Load (AGL) is below the Operating Empty Weight (OEW).

Yes, it can use the airfield as long as the the pavement is continously monitored during the operation

Maybe, if the Evaluation Method is changed to USAF /Pavement Classification Number (PCN) for Paved Surfaces - All MID Weight 100 Passes

I don't know.

28 / 41

Identify (from the image below), which type of evaluation method has been used to generate Allowable Passes and Allowable Gross Load, and based on the current vehicle shown in the image, if this location can be recommended as Useable?

Semi-Prepared (C-17 486k / 1000 Passes) All MID Weight 1000 Passes

Semi-Prepared (C-17 486k / 1000 Passes) All MAX Weight 100 Passes

USN / PNC Paved C-17 585 /50,000 Passes) All MAX Weight 1000 Passes

Semi-Prepared (C-17 486k / 1000 Passes) All MAX Weight 1000 Passes

I don't know.

29 / 41

Identify the two different types of paved surfaces?

Flexible & Rigid

Weak & Strong

Prepared & Semi-prepared

Penetrable & Impenetrable

I don't know!

30 / 41

Identify any and all issues with the image below of a PCASE Evaluation report . . .

31 / 41

Using the Cursory (Suitability) PCI chart, evaluate the following surface distresses for aircraft Group 3 on an Asphalt Concrete (AC) paved Landing Zone (LZ) runway.

Location (Braking Area) : Gravel that is 3/4" of an Inch in size and covers 1,225 square feet of a 5,000 square foot sample area.
Location (Turn Around) De-laminated Surface: < 1/2" Inch
Location (Overrun) Sharp edge greater than 3/4" Inch
Location (Midfield) Depression: Width 3' feet x Length 2' feet. Depth 2" Inches
Location (Touchdown Zone): Standing water. Depth 2" Inches. Width 6' feet and 101' feet in length

32 / 41

What are the three strength evaluation methods for paved airfields?

1) Permanent 2) Sustainment, and 3) Expedient Strength Evaluations.

1) Basic, 2) Intermediate, and 3) Advanced Strength Evaluations.

1) Standard, 2) Sustainment, and 3) Contingency Strength Evaluations.

There is only one category for Strength Evaluations of paved airfields.

I don't know!

33 / 41

Choose the best answer.

Surface treatments and Macadams are often easy to identify by just looking at the subbase or through small diameter drilled holes.

Surface treatments and Macadams are often difficult to identify by just looking at the subbase or through small diameter drilled holes.

Surface treatments and Macadams are very easy to identify by just looking at the surface or through small diameter drilled holes.

Surface treatments and Macadams are often difficult to identify by just looking at the surface or through small diameter drilled holes.

I don't know.

34 / 41

Evaluate the following ACN and PCN Code to calculate a ACN/PCN ratio and provide a subsequent recommendation: ACN 52 / PCN Code 40 / R / B / W / T

Ratio 1.3 / Unusable

Ratio 0.77 / Usable

Ratio 1.3 / Usable - Monitor

Ratio 0.77 / Monitor - Usable

I don't know.

35 / 41

(True or False) Each aircraft affects the pavement loading differently, due to its tire configuration, aircraft weight, tire pressure, wheel load distribution, and center of balance.

True

False

36 / 41

When conducting a PCI evaluation of a paved Landing Zone (LZ) when do you reduce Allowable Gross Load (AGL) by 25%?

a PCI has nothing to do with Allowable Gross Load reductions.

when the PCI Index value is between the range of 56 - 70.

when the "Cursory" (Suitability) PCI evaluation rating = Poor / Red

when the "Cursory" (Suitability) PCI evaluation rating = Fair / Yellow

I don't know!

37 / 41

A paved Landing Zones (LZ) is evaluated by applying the same "surface distress" categories and ratings in the same manner as evaluating a semi-prepared Landing Zone?

True

False

I don't know!

38 / 41

(Choose all, some, or none that apply) What document(s) is/are used as source material and references for paved Airfield & Landing Zone (LZ) strength and distress evaluations and reporting requirements?

Choose all that apply!

Department of the Airforce Manual (DAFMAN) 13-217

Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) 3-260-01

Tri-Services Pavement Working Group (TSPWG) M 3-260-03.02-19

None of these apply

I don't know!

39 / 41

Complete the following sentence: A 'Cursory' PCI rating is . . .

called 'Cursorary' and only accomplished during Permanent evaluations.

a qualitative assessments of the pavement surface and not to be confused with the structural capacity of a pavement.

an evaluation of the structural capacity of a pavement using qualitative and precise measurements.

a quantitative assessments of the pavement surface and not to be confused with the structural capacity of a pavement.

I don't know

40 / 41

Evaluate the following PCN Code's (sub-strength) value for a Flexible pavement: 48 / F / B / Y / U

Y = 8 < CBR < 13

B = 8 < CBR < 13

B = CBR > 13

Y = CBR > 13

I don't know!

41 / 41

When analyzing CBR readings within each layer structure, you should . . .

eliminate the highest value and average the remaining CBR values.

esnure that all of the CBR values are withing 1 degree standard deviation of the baseline.

carefully study the numerical range of values within each layer, compare the scatter chart (if used) with the numerical readouts from each blow set of the MagRuler (if used), observe the number of blows within that blow set, per layer; apply a little bit of fuzzy math when determining the layer's CBR and thickness, i.e., don't use direct averaging, always lean towards a safer reading especially when it's the base layer, and utilize sound judgement, trust your instincts. Make sure that if you were the person dropping the hammer that you are the one doing the evaluation of the layer structure and CBR values because you were the person that had the direct feedback from the steel rod's movement, and the sound of the hammer striking the anvil; you would be the best person to know when there were anomalies and potential deviations that occurred during the CBR testing vs. someone that wasn't there.

always pass it off to higher headquarters as soon as possible because they will have a better understanding of how to do layer breaks.

Your score is

The average score is 49%

0%

Final Exam – Pavement Evaluation

How prepared are you to crush this test? (Select all that apply)

What does the acronym PCASE stand for?

What does the abbreviation “ACN” represent?

What is the definition of PCN?

Fill in the Blank: Potholes of Medium to High severity _________.

For a Landing Zone (LZ) survey with a paved surface, what specific information should be recorded in Block 10b of AF Form 3822?

Which of the following statements is True?

From the APE Results Report (image below), report the PCN Code for the Airfield and identify all of the aircraft that can be safely used for sustained operations.

NOTE: You may use any of your handout material provided in the class this week.

Evaluate the following PCASE result: C-146 Wolfhound / 31k / 1,000 Design Factor.

If the DCP Hammer drives the DCP rod one (1") Inch with 2 (two) blows, then what is the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) equivalent?

The paved surface 'Potential Ponding' distress must be _________, in the direction of travel, and _________ than the operating aircraft gear group?

What does the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) measure?

What is the definition of Allowable Gross Load (AGL)?

What is the best way to predict if a paved surface will become de-laminated?

Identify any and all issues with the image below of a PCASE Evaluation report . . .

Which 'Cursory' PCI distress type is exclusively used when evaluating Portland Cement Concrete (PCC)?

Type "A" traffic areas are evaluated for channelized traffic and full design weight of an aircraft for _______________________?

Can a Concrete surface, or an Asphalt surface be evaluated as a semi-prepared surface?

For which type of paved surface is the "strength value" reported as a "K-Value" and "Effective K-Value" instead of using a California Bearing Ratio (CBR)?

The A-400 Atlas utilizes which type of landing gear?

What is the evaluation criteria used in PCASE to determine a paved surface PCN Code?

When performing a Pavement Condition Index (PCI) evaluation (for a Contingency Operation), what factors require emphasis during the evaluation?

Choose the correct answer for the definition of Alligator Cracking.

Complete the following sentence: An Expedient - Cursory PCI survey is an . . .

Which CBR Index value is assigned to a subsurface impenetrable layer, or a layer that is not identifiable, after drilling and measuring that the layer . . .

(True, or False) In PCASE, the default property for Rigid Evaluations must be set to 'Shattered Slab'?

The Controlling Reading (located in the center of a 3,600 ft Semi-prepared runway) indicates the analysis show below. What is the primary reason that the Runway is usable or not usable by the current vehicle selected?

Identify (from the image below), which type of evaluation method has been used to generate Allowable Passes and Allowable Gross Load, and based on the current vehicle shown in the image, if this location can be recommended as Useable?

Identify the two different types of paved surfaces?

Identify any and all issues with the image below of a PCASE Evaluation report . . .

Using the Cursory (Suitability) PCI chart, evaluate the following surface distresses for aircraft Group 3 on an Asphalt Concrete (AC) paved Landing Zone (LZ) runway.

Location (Braking Area) : Gravel that is 3/4" of an Inch in size and covers 1,225 square feet of a 5,000 square foot sample area.

Location (Turn Around) De-laminated Surface: < 1/2" Inch

Location (Overrun) Sharp edge greater than 3/4" Inch

Location (Midfield) Depression: Width 3' feet x Length 2' feet. Depth 2" Inches

Location (Touchdown Zone): Standing water. Depth 2" Inches. Width 6' feet and 101' feet in length

What are the three strength evaluation methods for paved airfields?

Choose the best answer.

Evaluate the following ACN and PCN Code to calculate a ACN/PCN ratio and provide a subsequent recommendation: ACN 52 / PCN Code 40 / R / B / W / T

(True or False) Each aircraft affects the pavement loading differently, due to its tire configuration, aircraft weight, tire pressure, wheel load distribution, and center of balance.

When conducting a PCI evaluation of a paved Landing Zone (LZ) when do you reduce Allowable Gross Load (AGL) by 25%?

A paved Landing Zones (LZ) is evaluated by applying the same "surface distress" categories and ratings in the same manner as evaluating a semi-prepared Landing Zone?

(Choose all, some, or none that apply) What document(s) is/are used as source material and references for paved Airfield & Landing Zone (LZ) strength and distress evaluations and reporting requirements?

Complete the following sentence: A 'Cursory' PCI rating is . . .

Evaluate the following PCN Code's (sub-strength) value for a Flexible pavement: 48 / F / B / Y / U

When analyzing CBR readings within each layer structure, you should . . .

The paved surface 'Potential Ponding' distress must be _, in the direction of travel, and _ than the operating aircraft gear group?